Casting individual printing-type



1.8. BANCRDFT.

CASTING INDIVIDUAL PRINTING TYPE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 25,1918.

Patented 0013. 19, 1920.

2 SHEETSMSHEET I.

QMQIV IQWQ@ @IIZN J. S. BANCROFT.

CASTING INDIVIDUAL PRINTING TYPE.

APPLICATION man IuLY 25, 1918.

1,355,880. Patented Oct. T9, 0.

2 SHEE TS-S H E i?? Tg4? UNITED vsrArisis CORPORATION .0F VIRGINIA.

PATENT OFFICE. y J'oHN SELLERS 'BANCRoE'n or PIIILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, AssIeNon TofIaANf s'roN MoNo'IYPE MACHINE COMPANY, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A

CASTING INDIVIDUAL PRINTING-TYPE Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 19, 1920.

Application led July 25, 1918. Serial No. 246,727..

To all wlw/m, t may concern.'

Be it known that I, JOHN SELLERS `BAN- CRoF'r, a citizen of the United States, residin at Philadelphia, in the county of PhiladeIphia and State of Pennsylvania have invented certain new and useful Inl 4rovenients in Casting Individual Printingype; and I do hereby declare4 the following to be a full, clear, and exact descrlption t ereof, reference -being had to the` accompanying drawings, forming part of thls specificav tion.

This invention relates to the production of individual printing type in succession and is especially though not exclusively appllcable to that branch of the art in which the individual type are cast and assembled 1n rows or lines, for example, so-called lines of composition either of reading matter or printin Characters of any kind.

ne of the objects of the present invention is to avoid the necessity of substituting molds for the production of individual type of widely different point and set wise dimensions, or to provide for the use of a single body mold in connection with an one of a series of fonts of matrices of di erent character dimensions. Thus, matrices of widely different character dimensions may be assembled in a single group or carrier, or in different carriers or groups, for use inf discriminately with the same body mold, the

resultant type bein capable of being assembled or set with uniformity in lines and columns and retained without difficulty by usual lock-up devices.

Another object of the invention is to produce large type at high speed, as compared with the speed of production of equivalent type of ordinary construction, whereby the production may be effected in known type casting and composing machines with a considerable ain in time and cost.

Other oI jects of the invention will hereinafter appear.

In carrying the invention into practice, each type is cast with the body portion of two sizes on one dilnensiome'.l e., point-wise and preferably of a uniform size on the other dimension, z'. e., set-wise. The upper portion of the body is of larger size and forms a platform from which rises the character elevation forming the printing surface. The height to paper'is uniform in all type and all type are cast with a uniform type or matrix line the vertical plane of which lies within the portion of the body of lesser dimension and the latter conditionv is also true of the center pin line which constitutes the axis of pressure on the matrix during the casting operation. For convenience of identification, the portion of the type body which is of lesser dimension will be called the lower bodyportion and that of the greater dimension the upper body portion. The lower 'body portion may be of thesame point size for a wide range of font or point sizes of the upper body portion, as, for example, a l2 point lower body portion may be employed with upper body portions of practically any point size; 72 point being, however, as large as has been designed at this time. The bottom face of the upper body portion is preferably at a definite and corresponding level for all sizes of type, but

the thickness of the upper body portion below the elevation forming the printing character will'naturally vary in accord with the style and dimensions of the character itself, inasmi h as greater depth between the parts of t e vprinting faces of large characters is desirable to prevent contactl with the inking rollers or surface of the Papel" From the foregoing general outline of the product and ends attained, it willA be 'apparent that the procedure followed and apparatus required for forming the individual type must admit of dimensioning the mold cavity for the body portion of the type on` three dimensions; that is to say, the whole body is dimensioned set-wise for the width of the character; the upper body portion is in addition dimensioned point-wise yfor the size of the character and vertically for the height of the character projection. In otherr words, the upper body portion varies on all three dimensions, while the lower body portion varies on one dimension only, the height to paper being a fixed dimension for all type. y

The normal vertical dimension or thickness of the upper body portion is preferably approximately equal to or somewhat less than the point dimension of the .lower body portion, whereby the necessarytrength and Lanston monotype casting and composing,

machine.

A machine of the latter type (United States Letters Patent No. 625,998, for example) is preferably employed in carrying the invention into practlce, wlth modiv fications which will be hereinafter described.

The lower body portion of the type is cast in a mold of the desired point dimension and the set-wise dimension is determined by a mold blade of the usual type set automatically for the size of the character to be cast or in accord with the necessary size for proper justification of the line thus taking care of justified composition, as in the commercial Lanston monotype casting machine.

The mold blade and the blocks forming the mold cavity are of a height equal only to the height of the lower body portion of the type and an extended plane surface is formed at the top of the mold cavity against which the bottom face of the upper body portion of the type is cast. This platform constitutes a seat entirely surrounding the mold cavity against any part of which the walls forming the mold cavity for the upper body portion of the type may seat.

The mold cavity for the upper body portion which is of greater transverse section than that for the lower body portion is formed preferably directly in each matrix. The vertical dimension of the cavity in each matrix, including the character depression added to the height of the cavity for the lower body portion, equals the height to paper dimension of the type, but the pointwise dimension exceeds the corresponding dimension of the lower body portion in accord with the point size of the front. The upper body portion forming cavity in the matrix. therefore, conforms to the point size of the body of an ordinary type of a corresponding font, while the lower body portion4 has the proper set-wise size for such a font,

but a point-wise size of a smaller font.

The character forming recesses in the matrices at the bottom of the upper body portion forming recesses are all located in a definite relation to the type line and the latter is in a plane passing down through the lower body portion of the type so as to form a properly balanced structure with the characters in proper alinement when assembled.

The matrices having the upper body portion and -character projection forming recesses therein are individually formed preferabl by driving a punch or succession of punc es into the matrix body, the final punch being a replica Aof the Vdesired character and of the upper body portion ofthe type. The wall of the upper body formin portionof the cavity extends entirely anoun the character forming cavity and is at its seating edge dressed ofi' first to give the desired' eight to paper and secondly to effect a perfect seat on the platform entirely around the lower body forming portion of the mold. As the seating faces for all matrices are in the same transverse plane, any size matrix will coperate with a single lower body portion forming mold of smaller point-wise dimension.

When assembled in the printing form, the projecting parts of the upper body portion are located over suitable low uads or strip material', such as that forme by the Lanston monotype lead and rule caster and,

therefore, the lower body portion is made of a height corresponding to a standard for all type cast in accordance with this invention, thereby simplif ing the makeup and making it practicab e to automatically assemble the lines and filling or'strip material in the galley forms.

In the accompanying drawings,- r

Figure l is a perspective view of a mold for the lower body portion of the type.

Fig. 2 is a 'perspective view of a single matrix with a portion broken away to show the upper body portion forming and character cavity. Figs. 3, 3, and 3b are a series of digramma-tic views showing different upper body portion forming cavities in position for casting with the same lower body portion forming cavity.

Figs. 4, 4* and 4b are perspective views of type of different point size all having lower body portions of the same point size.,

Fig. 5 is a view of a die case or matrix A holder and matrices.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a' matrix for type the over hang angles of which are other than right angles, and

Fig. 7 is a erspective view of a type produced from tlie matrix of Fig. 6.

The mold for the lower body portion of the type has type blocks A and B, a movable mold blade C and a cross block D. The mold blade is movable first to dimension the lower body portion set-wise and secondly to discharge the type into a type carrier which moves in unison with the cross block, all as will be understood by those familiar with the art and as set forth in the patentabove referred to.

In the mold illustrated, however, the depth or vertical height of the mold cavity is only equal to the height of the lower body portion ofthe type, z'. e., substantially low quad high and extending entirely around surface formed'in parli*` y the two type the upper end ofl the cavit is a broad plane blocks as at a, 6, and in part'by the mo d blade and cross block as at 0,03. ,This surface forms both the matrix seat and the bottom wall of the cavity in whlch the upper body portion of,the type'. is cast. Each* individual matrix E is formed wlth an upper body portion forming )cavity E of greater dimension point wise than the 'cavity between the type blocks and wlth sidewalls having their edge faces in a single plane tof seat squarely and tightly on the plane surface entirely around the cavity forthe lower body portion. The point and set w1se d1menlsions of the upper body forming cavities inthe matrices are determined b the point size of the font and the set-wise, imen'sion of the-,particular character but the depth or 'vertical dimension is in proportion to the height of the character or printlng face projection. That is to say, the bottom of the character forming recess and which -forms theprinting face of the type v1s always a definite distance from the bottom of the mold cavity, whereby the helght to paper is uniform for all type, and where the characterv is small, requiring,'say, but 3.,.930 of an inch drive, the upper body portion of the type will be thick vertically, but where the character is a large or open vcharacter with wide spaces, the depth of drive will be greater and the vertical dimension of the upper bod portion will be correspondingly reduced. llariations in the three dimenslons of the upper body portion are illustratedsponding upper body portions are shown atv g, g', g2, respectively. In -all the figures the vertical and point-wise dimensions of the lower body portions and lower body portion forming cavities are the same.

In accordance with this invention, matrices for different size characters may be employed indiscriminately with the same mold for the lower body portion and the upper body portions of the type will havethe proper point and set-wise dimensions, the character projections will have ample support and strength and thequantity of metal required to be heated and the time of cooling or freezing will be greatly reduced as compared with ordinary type of corresponding point and set size.

n Fig. 5 a die case or matrix holder H is shown with matrices for different size type mounted therein. Each matrix is independent of the others in so far as its operative functions are concerned and any one may be centered and clamped in position over the mold for the lower body portion to form a 'complete type body mold cavity into whichv the molten metal may belinjected from the bottom as is well understood in this art.

What is claimed is l l. A.matrix for single type 'characters and adapted for/use in connection with a type castin machine, said matrix being composed o an integral blank of metal provided with an upper type body forming recess and a character forming recess in the bottom face of said upper body forming recess, the latter having integral outside walls \exten ding entirely around the character forming recess to determine/the point-wise and set-wise dimensions of the upper type body, thev depth of the upper body forming recess being equal to the difference between lthe height of a high quad and the height of a lowl quad and the depth of the charac. ter forming recess bein equal to the difference between the heig t of a type and the height of'a high quad. 2. The combination with a series of independentV matrices for. casting individual type 1n a type casting machine, each matrix having acavit with integral lateral walls entirely arounv the same to determine the point and set-wise dimensions of the upper gortion of a type body, of a mold havlng xed walls to determine the point-wise dimension of the lower body portion of the type, and movable walls `to determine the set-wise dimension of the lower portion of the type body, said mold walls each having a lmatrix contacting face,all of saidl faces being located in a single plane whereby the upper 'portion of the type body may be made larger than the lower portion thereof, the depth of the body forming cavity in the matrix being substantially the difference between the height of the low quad and thc height of a normal type body exclusive of the character projection.

3. Individual type for conjoint use in a printing form all having lower bodyportions of uniform equal point-wise dimensions and upper body. portions of greater point-wise dimensions than the lower body portions, the upper body portions having set-wise dimensions corresponding to those of the lower body portions and the lower body portions being substantially low quad high, the combined vertical dimensions of the upper body portions and character porjections being uniform and the relative ver- -tical dimension -of the upper body portions and character projections inversely proportioned in accord with the size and style of the character, said character projections being all located on a standard matrix line lvlng in a vertical plane passing vertically through the lower body portion.

4. A matrix for type casting machines provided with a cavity having side walls to body portion of the 4sions of the'upper body portion of the type anda character forming extension of said cavity, combined with a mold for the lower type having a cavity of unitorm point-wise imension for all type which dimension is less than the point-wise dimension of the cavity in the matrix, and a plane transverse face entirely surrounding said cavit to form the bottom face of the upper bo y portion cavity and constituting a matrix seat for all sizes of matrices.

5. In a mechanism ofthe character set forth, a lower body portion mold having a cavity of fixed point-wise dimension and means for adjusting the set-wise dimension for size of character or line justification, the upper end of said cavity belng entirely surrounded by a plane transverse face, in cornbination with an integral matrix having an upper body portion cavity therein with side walls entirely surrounding the cavity and adapted to seat on the plane face of the lower body portion mold, the point-wise dimension of said matrix cavity being greater than that of the lower body portion mold, and a character forming cavity extension in the inner face of the matrix cavity.

JOHN SELLERS -BANCROFT. 

